How to Write a Great GMAT Essay

What Is the GMAT AWA?

The AWA asks you to analyze a brief argument (usually 4–5 sentences) and evaluate its reasoning. You are not expected to agree or disagree with the conclusion. Instead, your job is to identify logical flaws, assumptions, and weak evidence in the argument.

You are graded on how well you critique the argument—not on your opinion of the topic.

GMAT AWA Essay Structure

A great GMAT essay follows a clear, logical format. Use the following 4-paragraph template to structure your response:

Paragraph 1: Introduction

• Restate the argument in your own words
• Briefly state that the argument is flawed
• Outline the main weaknesses you will discuss

Paragraph 2: First Flaw

• Identify the first major flaw or assumption
• Explain why it weakens the argument
• Offer an example or counter-scenario

Paragraph 3: Second Flaw

• Discuss a second flaw or gap in logic
• Explain its significance
• Include hypothetical evidence or missing information

Paragraph 4: Conclusion

• Summarize your critique
• Suggest what information or reasoning would strengthen the argument

This template helps you stay focused and ensures your essay is well-organized, which is essential for scoring well.

How Is the AWA Scored?

The essay is scored on a scale of 0 to 6 in half-point increments. It is evaluated by both a human rater and a computer algorithm. If the two scores are close, they are averaged; otherwise, a second human reader evaluates it.

Scoring Criteria

• Ability to critique the argument logically
• Quality and depth of analysis
• Clarity and coherence of writing
• Grammar, syntax, and usage
• Organization and transitions

What Do the Scores Mean?

• 6.0: Outstanding analysis with excellent writing
• 5.0–5.5: Strong, well-developed essay with minor flaws
• 4.0–4.5: Adequate critique, but may lack depth or clarity
• 3.0–3.5: Limited understanding or weak organization
• 0–2.5: Poor grammar, minimal logic, or off-topic

Sample Introductory Paragraph

Here’s a sample opening to help you get started:

The argument presented claims that Company X should expand into the international market based on recent domestic growth. While the proposal may seem attractive at first glance, the reasoning behind the recommendation is flawed. The argument is based on questionable assumptions, lacks supporting evidence, and fails to consider alternative explanations. This essay will analyze the logical gaps in the argument and suggest ways it could be improved.

Common Logical Flaws to Identify

• Unwarranted assumptions: Assuming correlation implies causation
• Lack of evidence: Drawing conclusions without sufficient support
• Overgeneralization: Using a small sample to represent a whole
• False comparisons: Comparing situations that are not truly alike
• Ignoring alternatives: Failing to consider other explanations or solutions
• Vague language: Using imprecise or undefined terms

GMAT Essay Writing Tips

• Read the prompt carefully: Identify the conclusion and premises before planning your essay.
• Take 3–5 minutes to outline: Plan your main points and examples to avoid rambling.
• Use transition words: Such as "however," "furthermore," "for example," and "therefore" to enhance flow.
• Stick to 4–5 paragraphs: Avoid overly long or short responses.
• Don’t agree or disagree: Focus on evaluating the logic of the argument presented.
• Practice under time limits: Simulate test conditions to build comfort and speed.

Practice Techniques

Here’s how to improve your AWA skills effectively:

• Review sample essays: Analyze both high-scoring and low-scoring examples from official guides.
• Use a template: Start with a reliable structure so you can focus on your analysis.
• Write 2–3 essays per week: Practice with real GMAT AWA prompts from GMAC or prep books.
• Get feedback: Use online GMAT forums or essay evaluation tools like GMAT Write.
• Time yourself: Use a timer to complete your essay in 30 minutes.

Final-Day Preparation

• Review your go-to essay template and transitions
• Read through 2–3 recent essays you've written
• Memorize a few useful sentence starters and phrases
• Don’t over-practice—one final essay the day before is enough

Conclusion

A well-crafted GMAT AWA essay shows that you can think critically, organize your thoughts, and communicate clearly—all vital skills in business school. By mastering the structure, recognizing logical flaws, and practicing under time pressure, you can earn a strong AWA score without stress. Remember: structure, clarity, and logic are your best friends on test day.